BSM 2.2
Interpret Christologically
In order to interpret Christologically, we must realize that all of history is focused around Jesus Christ. This principle recognizes that Jesus Christ is the Creator of all things (John 1:1,3,14; Col 1:16-17), the Alpha and Omega - "the beginning and end" (Rev 1:8), the one and only God who became man (Php 2:6-8).
As we seek to understand God’s Word, we must determine how our interpretation of a given passage conforms to the Truth of the Lord Jesus Christ. One way to do this is to determine what each person, place, thing or event in Scripture teaches us about our Lord. We are encouraged to study and look for "the good things," the real truth, our Lord Jesus Christ; not just to look to the old Law, which was merely a "shadow" of these good things (Heb 10:1, Jn 14:6). All of the people, places and events in the Old Testament were placed there by God as examples to help us understand and learn about Him (1 Cor 10:1-6).
An example of a person teaching us about the Lord would be found in the prophet Jonah. As you may remember, Jonah did not want to go to the Assyrians as he had been commanded by God. Instead, he got on a ship and went in another direction. A storm occurred and Jonah was thrown overboard where he was swallowed by a great fish and three days later vomited up on an Assyrian beach where he then decided to comply with God’s commands. The three days and nights came to be the "sign of the prophet Jonah" (Matt 12:39-40) which spoke of the time that Jesus would be in the tomb.
A place can also teach us about the Lord. Jesus was to be born in Bethlehem (Micah 5:2) which means "house of bread." Jesus was indeed bread, that came down out of heaven and the Person who would sustain spiritual life (John 6:35).
There are many things which are directly designed to teach us about the Lord. The Tabernacle and Temple fall into this category. If we just consider the Holy Place where the Table of Shewbread, the Golden Lampstand, and the golden Altar of Incense were located, we can easily determine that they represent Jesus. Again, He is the Bread (John 6:35). He is also the "Light of the world" (John 8:12) and the One who hears our prayers (incense represents the prayers of the saints {Rev 8:3-4} and prayer is a "sacrifice" {Heb 13:15-16}).
Events like the offerings made by the Levitical priests also teach us about the Lord. All of the offerings (described in Lev 1-7) were designed to point us to Jesus as the "one offering for all time" (Heb 10:10-12). He indeed was the "lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world" (John 1:29).
The student can also look at the main themes of each book in the Bible and see that Jesus Christ is the main subject.
Genesis He is the Creator and Seed of the woman. (1:1; 3:15)
Exodus He is the Lamb of God slain for sinners. (Ch. 12)
Leviticus He is our High Priest. (entire book)
Numbers He is the Star out of Jacob. (24:17)
Deuteronomy He is the Prophet like unto Moses. (18:15)
Joshua He is the Captain of the Lord’s Hosts. (5:13-15)
Judges He is The Judge. (11:27)
Ruth He is our Kinsman Redeemer. (Ch. 3)
Samuel He is the Lord of Kings. (2 Sam 7:18-20)
Kings/Chronicles He is the Lord of Heaven and Earth. (Entire books)
Ezra He is the Restorer. (1:1)
Nehemiah He is Faithful. (9:32)
Esther He is our Mordecai. (Ch. 10)
Job He is our Risen and Returning Redeemer. (19:25)
Psalms He is the Blessed Man of 1.
He is the Son of God of 2.
He is the Crucified One of 22.
He is the Risen One of 23.
He is the Coming One of 24.
He is the Reigning One of 72.
He is the Leader of Praise of 150.
Proverbs He is our Wisdom. (Ch. 4)
Ecclesiastes He is the Forgotten Wise Man. (9:14-15)
Song of Solomon He is "my Beloved." (2:16)
Isaiah He is our Suffering Substitute. (53)
Jeremiah He is the Lord our Righteousness. (23:6)
Lamentations He is the Man of Sorrows. (1:12-18)
Ezekiel He is the Throne Sitter. (1:26)
Daniel He is the Smiting Stone. (2:34)
Hosea He is David’s Greater King. (3:5)
Joel He is the Lord of Bounty. (2:18-19)
Amos He is the Rescuer of Israel. (3:12)
Obadiah He is the Deliverer upon Mount Zion. (V17)
Jonah He is the Buried and Risen Savior. (Entire book)
Micah He is the Everlasting God. (5:2)
Nahum He is our Stronghold in the Day of Wrath. (1:7)
Habakkuk He is the Anchor of our Faith. (2:4)
Zephaniah He is in the Midst for Judgment and Cleansing. (3:5,15)
Haggai He is the Smiting Shepherd. (2:17)
Zechariah He is the Branch. (3:8)
Malachi He is the Sun of Righteousness. (4:2)
Matthew He is the King of the Jews. (2:1)
Mark He is the Servant of Jehovah. (Entire book)
Luke He is the Perfect Son of Man. (3:38; 4:1-13)
John He is the Son of God. (1:1)
Acts He is the Ascended Lord. (1:8-9)
Romans He is our Righteousness. (3:22)
1 Corinthians He is the First-Fruits from the dead. (15:20)
2 Corinthians He is made Sin for us. (5:21)
Galatians He is the End of the Law. (3:10,13)
Ephesians He is our Armor. (6:11-18)
Philippians He is the Supplier of Every Need. (4:19)
Colossians He is the Preeminent One. (1:18)
1 Thessalonians He is our Returning Lord. (4:15-18)
2 Thessalonians He is the World’s Returning Judge. (1:7-9)
1 Timothy He is the Mediator. (2:5)
2 Timothy He is the Bestower of Crowns. (4:8)
Titus He is our Great God and Savior. (2:13)
Philemon He is the Prisoner’s Partner. (1:9)
Hebrews He is the Rest of Faith and Fulfiller of Types. (9-11)
James He is Lord of Sabaoth. (5:4)
1 Peter He is the Theme of Old Testament Prophecy. (1:10-11)
2 Peter He is the Long Suffering Savior. (3:9)
1 John He is the Word of Life. (1:1)
2 John He is the Target of the Antichrist. (1:7)
3 John He is the Personification of Truth. (1:3-4)
Jude He is the Believer’s Security. (1:24-25)
Revelation He is the King of Kings and Lord of Lords. (19:11-16)
(The above adapted from R.T. Ketcham, DD; found in J. Edwin Hartill’s Principles of Biblical Hermeneutics)
FOR PERSONAL STUDY
# Read Psalm 22 and Matt 27:45-46. Describe how David represented Jesus Christ. (Person)
# Read Exodus 1 and Matt 2:13-20. Describe the significance of Egypt in the life of Christ. (Place)
# Read Exodus 26:31-35 and Hebrews 10:20. Describe how the veil of the Tabernacle represents Jesus. (Thing)
# Read Genesis 22 and Hebrews 11:17-19. Show the similarities between the sacrifice of Isaac and the sacrifice of Jesus. (Event).
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BSM 2.1
Interpret Based on Divine Essence
This principle recognizes the basic characteristics of God’s essence, also known as His attributes, as vitally important to correct interpretation. His essence is never compromised, nor inconsistent with itself. This principle is based on the fact that the more we fully appreciate the awesome nature of God (Php 3:10), the more skilled we will be in understanding what He has to say.
The fact that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit all possess the same essence is Biblical proof of the Trinity. The term "Trinity" refers to the fact that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are three manifestations of one God. They have basically three roles. The Father is the Planner (Acts 2:23), the Son is the Agent (John 5:36), and the Holy Spirit is the Revealer (John 16:13). While we may study their different roles, we must not seek to divide the Trinity. There is only One God (Deut 6:4); since the Father, Son and Holy Spirit all share the characteristics that only God can possess, they are all God, and are One.
We will analyze the Trinity in much more detail in later lessons.
TEN CHARACTERISTICS OF DIVINE ESSENCE
In this lesson, the first bracket ( ) will denote the verses that refer to God the Father, the second < >, the verses for the Son, and the third [ ], the Holy Spirit.
1 SOVEREIGNTY.
God is SOVEREIGN, meaning that He is King and acts accordingly. (Dan 4:17; 1 Tim 1:17; Ps 47:2,7), < Rev 19:16; John 5:21 >, [Zech 4:6; 1 Pet 4:14; 1 Cor 12:11].
Sovereignty is the exercise of supreme authority within a limited sphere. God, free from external control, is the supreme authority over all creation. He is the Creator, not the created (Rom 1:20,25).
God has the authority to establish His own plan, His own laws, and His own judgments. In short, He has the authority to act as He chooses to act, although His purposes may be hard to understand.
2 RIGHTEOUSNESS.
God is absolute righteousness, meaning that He is perfect in every way. (John 17:25; 1 John 1:5), < 1 John 2:1; Luke 1:35; Heb 7:26 >, [Isa 32:15-18; Ps 143:10; Neh 9:20]. He is the standard of righteousness in every regard. He is morally complete, setting the standard we are to imitate (Eph 5:1).
3 JUSTICE.
God is JUST. He is totally and completely fair. (Isa 45:21; Job 37:23), < John 5:22,30; Rev 19:11 >, [Isa 4:4; 28:6]. God’s justice is a response to the demands of His righteousness. God is not a "respecter of persons" (Rom 2:11), He shows no partiality. Where sin, which is a violation of His law, occurs (Rom 5:13), His Justice must be satisfied.
Man is not able to satisfy the righteousness of God, and therefore needs a Messiah who can "propitiate" (appease) the Justice of God. This "propitiation" was accomplished by the Lord Jesus Christ on the cross when He died to pay for the sins of the whole world (1 John 2:1-2).
4 LOVE.
God is LOVE, meaning that perfect and unconditional love is found in Him. (1 John 4:8-10; Titus 3:4; John 17:24-26), < John 15:9 >, [Gal 5:22].
This characteristic of God is the basis for sending Jesus Christ to redeem mankind (John 3:16). Love is what kept the Lord on the cross to pay for our sins <Luke 23:34>; and it is the first element in the "fruit" of the Holy Spirit [Gal 5:22].
Love means doing what is right and best for others, even if doing so is accompanied with unpleasant feelings. Christians are to partake of God’s love and spread it to others so that all might come to know God (John 13:34-35).
5 ETERNAL LIFE.
God is ETERNAL LIFE. He always has been and always will be. (Isa 57:15), < John 8:58; 1 John 5:11-12; Mic 5:2; Rev 1:8,17 >, [Heb 9:14].
Eternal life has no beginning or end. We as Christians actually possess everlasting life, which has a beginning point, but no end. God’s Eternal Life teaches that He is not ever subject to death.
6 OMNIPOTENT - ALL POWERFUL.
God is OMNIPOTENT, meaning that He has the power to do anything. (Mark 14:36; 1 Pet 1:5), < Matt 28:18; Rev 19:6 >, [2 Tim 1:7; Rom 15:13].
An example of His Omnipotence is found in the creation of the heavens and earth (Gen 1:1). We are told that the "word of His mouth," created the heavens, and His "breath," all their hosts (Ps 33:6).
7 OMNIPRESENT - AT ALL PLACES.
God is OMNIPRESENT, meaning that He is everywhere at the same time with the same intensity. (Prov 15:3; 2 Chr 2:6), < Matt 18:20; 28:20 >, [Ps 139:7-16]. This does not mean that God is everything (Pantheism), but that He is everywhere. This concept shows us the personal nature of God.
We also see from this characteristic that God is in all places at the same intensity (Ps 139:7-17). The fact that He is Omnipresent means that He could manifest Himself at more than one place at the same time.
8 OMNISCIENT - ALL KNOWING.
God is OMNISCIENT. He knows everything: past, present and future. (Ps 139:1-6; Heb 4:13), < John 2:24-25; 18:4; Matt 9:4 >, [1 Cor 2:10-11; Isa 11:2].
He knows the outcome of all things; not only the actualities, but all the possibilities. He knows all of the effects, throughout all of time, that each decision will bring. His eternal plan has considered all of these factors (Rom 8:28-30).
9 IMMUTABLE - UNCHANGING.
God is IMMUTABLE, meaning that the aspects of His Essence never change. (James 1:17; Heb 6:17; Mal 3:6), < Heb 13:8 >, [1 Cor 12:4; Eph 1:13].
This characteristic is beneficial to mankind since God must always do what He promises. He will not change His mind; since He said, "There is no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus" (Rom 8:1), we can be fully confident that He will not change His mind. He promised eternal life to those who trust in Jesus Christ, therefore, we know that He will not amend this gospel (John 3:16). If God did alter His promises, then He would be a liar, thus unrighteous (Heb 6:17-18).
Everything else in the universe is changing. God is the only constant. This is why hope in him can be an "anchor" for our souls (Heb 6:19).
10 TRUTHFUL.
God is absolute TRUTH. (Deut 32:4; John 7:28; 17:3), < John 14:6; 1 John 5:20 >, [1 John 5:7,8; 4:6; John 14:17; 15:26; 16:13].
This characteristic tells us that everything God utters is totally believable (Num 23:19). It is in fact impossible for God to lie (Titus 1:2).
The Truth is that God manifested Himself in the person of Jesus Christ <John 14:6>. Throughout history truth has been sought simply in the form of an idea (what one thinks may be truth), a statement (what one claims to be truth), or a principle (a fundamental belief). This is why anything that mankind deems to be truth, must be compared with the words of Jesus Christ <1 Tim 6:3>.
FOR PERSONAL STUDY
# Explain in your own words the Biblical proof of the Trinity.
# Does any part of creation possess all of these attributes?
# Memorize the ten attributes of God discussed in this lesson.
# Read John 3 and identify as many of these attributes as you are able.
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BSM 1.5
Preparing to Study the Bible
In the last two lessons we were introduced to the importance of knowing significant events that occurred in the past (Lesson 3) as well as the sequence in which they occurred (Lesson 4). We were laying a foundation to help us answer an important question one must ask when studying the Bible-the question "When?" As we seek to understand the Bible, we find ourselves constantly searching for answers to questions we have. There are some basic questions which we must ask and answer because they are important to "handling accurately the word of truth" (2 Tim 2:15). God invites us to bring all of our questions to Him (Matt 7:7-8).
The basic questions that we must ask of every verse are very simple: who, what, when, where, why, and how? The answers must be considered while keeping in mind the two primary questions concerning the Christian Life: How does this help us develop a close, personal relationship with our Lord Jesus Christ (Php 3:10)? And, how then shall we live (John 7:17)?
SIX BASIC QUESTIONS FOR EVERY VERSE:
1 "WHO?"
As we ask the question, "who?" we are seeking to determine who is doing the speaking and to whom it is addressed. One example is found in Genesis 22:2 when God told Abraham to sacrifice his son, his only son, to Him. God spoke directly to Abraham, not anyone else in this case, so we, as hearers of the Word, are not under that particular order.
2 "WHAT?"
"What" deals with the reality of the thing being said. Jesus Christ is referred to in Revelation 5 as "the Lamb." This does not mean that He is a shaggy, four-footed creature, but refers to His sacrifice for sin (John 1:29) which is the "reality."
3 "WHEN?"
The "when" question refers us to the time frame to which a particular passage may refer. For instance, Abraham’s marriage to his half sister Sarah might be interpreted as immoral until the reader understands that this marriage occurred before the giving of the Mosaic Law, which forbade such practice. Since personal sin is not an issue when there is no law (Rom 4:15), we conclude that in Abraham’s case, incestuous marriage was not sin. Clear answers to the question "when" is crucial to complete understanding.
4 "WHERE?"
"Where" deals with the geography and frequently the culture in which a passage was written. Frequently in the Bible we find the phrase "up to Jerusalem." In many cultures, the phrase "up to" has come to mean to travel north. However, the Biblical intent has to do with elevation and not direction. When Jesus came from Galilee and was going "up to Jerusalem," He was actually traveling south, but going higher up in elevation.
5 "WHY?"
The "why" question is often the most difficult question to answer. The answer is most often found through studying other passages. If one reads the phrase in Isaiah 7:14 which says, "Behold, a virgin will be with child and bear a son, and she will call His name Immanuel," an obvious question would be "why a virgin?" We might just answer the question with, "that’s the way God wanted to do it." That answer, while correct, is not complete.
As we look for the answer we will find the passage in Romans 5 that addresses the effect the sin of Adam had on the human race. We find that through the man, Adam, each member of the human race is given a Sin Nature. If Jesus had had an earthly father, He too would have had a Sin Nature. The answer to "why", in this case, is crucial to Christ’s qualifications to pay for sin.
6 "HOW?"
The question of "how" is often difficult to answer as well. We might ask, "How did Jesus walk on water?" The answer is simply that He depended upon the Holy Spirit (Luke 4:18). We also might ask, "How does God control history when mankind has the freedom of choice?" That question is not as easily answered and we will explore it later in our study.
WHAT IF WE CAN’T ANSWER THEM ALL?
These questions and their answers are important. We must remember, however, that our relationship with the Living God is based on faith (Eph 2:8-9; Col 2:6). We won’t get all of the answers that we seek in this lifetime, but God has promised that eventually all of our questions will be answered (1 Cor 13:12).
TWO IMPORTANT PERSONAL QUESTIONS:
1. HOW WILL THIS HELP DEVELOP MY RELATIONSHIP WITH JESUS CHRIST?
This is one of the most important questions we can ask. The knowledge that we have gained through the study of God’s Word must be united with faith (Heb 11:6), so that our relationship with the Lord will grow. We must trust God’s Word as accurate and dependable. The result will be a relationship with the Lord that is grounded in His love and is beyond human knowledge. The apostle Paul said it clearly in Ephesians 3:14-19 when he wrote:
"For this reason, I bow my knees before the Father, from whom every family in heaven and on earth derives its name, that He would grant you, according to the riches of His glory, to be strengthened with power through His Spirit in the inner man; so that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith; and that you, being rooted and grounded in love, may be able to comprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length and height and depth, and to know the love of Christ which surpasses knowledge, that you may be filled up to all the fullness of God."
If we are simply studying God’s Word for intellectual reasons and not seeking to grow in our love for God and others (Mark 12:29-31), we are becoming arrogant (1 Cor 8:1). The apostle Paul, who knew more theology than any other man on earth (2 Cor 12:1-4), expressed his greatest desire in saying, "that I may know Him" (Php 3:10). Paul, as a Pharisee, had already been on an intellectual quest, but, as a Christian, began a quest for a vital relationship with the Living God.
Look for God’s promises, and trust them, so that you might "grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ" (2 Pet 3:18).
2. HOW THEN SHALL WE LIVE?
Once we come to understand the meaning of the verses we are studying, we must seek to understand how it applies to everyday life. We are given a beautiful example of this concept in Hebrews 12:1-3. Read the first two verses:
"Therefore, since we have so great a cloud of witnesses surrounding us, let us also lay aside every encumbrance, and the sin which so easily entangles us, and let us run with endurance the race that is set before us, fixing our eyes on Jesus, the author and perfecter of faith, who for the joy set before Him endured the cross, despising the shame, and has sat down at the right hand of the throne of God."
The illustration the writer of Hebrews chose in these two verses is that of running a race. People in the stands are watching (the heroes of Chapter 11). The race is for speed and distance, and to the victor goes the seat of honor. The contestant removes any additional weight that would slow him down, or any obstacles that could trip him up. His eyes are on the finish line, where the One (Jesus Christ) who has already run His race, and won, stands. Potential joy becomes more important than any fatigue experienced, so the runner endures.
The writer then applies these two verses to our lives in verse three. He writes:
"For consider Him who has endured such hostility by sinners against Himself, so that you may not grow weary and lose heart."
When we face trials and opposition, pain and sorrow, shame and disgrace for the cause of Christ, we are to consider our Leader and be encouraged by Him! Realize that, "we do not have a great high priest who cannot sympathize with our weaknesses, but one who has been tempted in all things as we are, yet without sin" (Heb 4:15).
WHERE ARE WE GOING NEXT IN OUR STUDY?
Beginning with the next section, we will take a simple look at principles we ought to keep in mind while studying the Bible. These foundational principles of interpretation have been revealed by the Holy Spirit Himself through the written Word. They are principles that we are to pass on from one generation to the next (2 Tim 2:2) so that we all might grow in all respects in our Lord (Eph 4:11-16).
Let God’s Word make a difference in your life.
QUESTIONS FOR PERSONAL STUDY
# Why is it important to ask questions of God’s Word?
# Write from memory the six basic questions for every verse that we are to ask.
# Write from memory the two important personal questions.
Read 1 Peter 5:1-4 and then answer all the questions posed in this lesson.
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BSM 1.4.2
CHRONOLOGY OF THE NEW TESTAMENT BOOKS
The sequence in which the authors wrote the various inspired New Testament books (referred to as inscripturation) is generally viewed to be as follows:
HISTORY OF THE LIFE OF CHRIST AND THE EARLY CHURCH (55 - 85 A.D.).
Matthew.
Luke.
Mark.
Acts.
John.
EPISTLES FOR THE CHURCH (46 - 85 A.D.).
James.
Galatians.
1 Thessalonians.
2 Thessalonians.
1 Corinthians.
2 Corinthians.
Romans.
Philemon.
Ephesians.
Colossians.
Philippians.
1 Timothy.
Titus.
2 Timothy.
Hebrews.
1 Peter.
2 Peter.
Jude.
1 John.
2 John.
3 John.
Prophecy (96 A.D.)
Revelation.
FOR PERSONAL STUDY
# Memorize the ten major events of the Bible’s chronology and their dates in the correct sequence.
# Why is it important to know the sequence of the major events of the Bible?
# Abraham married his half-sister, Sarah (Gen 20:12). If such a marriage was prohibited by the Mosaic Law (Lev 18:9), why was this marriage permitted? (Read Rom 4:15, 5:13).
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BSM 1.4.1
CHRONOLOGY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT BOOKS.
1 ADAM TO THE FLOOD (3898-2242 B.C.).
Genesis 1-5
2 THE FLOOD TO THE PROMISE TO ABRAHAM (2242-1875 B.C.).
Genesis 6-12
3 THE PROMISE TO ABRAHAM TO THE EXODUS (1875-1445 B.C.).
Genesis 12-50, Book of Job
4 THE EXODUS TO THE FOURTH YEAR OF SOLOMON (1445-965 B.C.).
Exodus.
Leviticus.
Numbers.
Deuteronomy.
Joshua.
Judges.
Ruth.
1 Samuel.
2 Samuel.
1 Kings 1-5.
Psalms.
1 Chronicles.
5 THE FOURTH YEAR OF SOLOMON TO THE FALL OF THE NORTHERN KINGDOM AND SOUTHERN KINGDOM (965-586 B.C.).
History.
1 Kings 6-22.
2 Kings.
2 Chronicles.
Poetry.
Proverbs.
Ecclesiastes.
Song of Solomon.
Prophecy.
Obadiah.
Joel.
Jonah.
Amos.
Hosea.
Micah.
Isaiah.
Nahum.
Zephaniah.
Habakkuk.
6 THE BABYLONIAN EXILE (586-516 B.C.).
Jeremiah.
Lamentations.
Ezekiel.
Daniel.
7 AFTER THE EXILE (516-400 B.C.).
History.
Ezra.
Nehemiah.
Esther.
Prophecy.
Haggai.
Zechariah.
Malachi.
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BSM 1.4
Chronology refers to the sequence of historical events. It is extremely important to the Bible student because it is essential to understand the time relationship between major events in order to understand many passages in God’s Word. It helps us to answer the question "When." In this lesson our objective will be to learn the sequence of key Biblical events and the span of time between them.
The student will also be introduced to the time of writing of each book of the Bible, so that he may develop a general understanding of the scope of God’s revelation to man.
Dates that have "B.C." after them refer to the years "before Christ." Those that have "A.D." refer to the years after Christ (A.D. was taken from the Latin, Anno Domini, which means "in the year of our Lord).
The dates given are based on a literal understanding of God’s Word. At this point in our study we are more interested in learning the sequence of events.
TEN MAJOR EVENTS AND THEIR DATES.
1. THE FALL OF ADAM (3898 BC).
A literal understanding of the genealogies (sequences of birth) that are given in God’s Word lets us arrive at a date around 3898 B.C. for the fall of Adam. The Biblical chronology is given in such a way that we must work forward from our starting point. When we discuss the 4th year of Solomon (later in our study), we are able to take the dates backward to this point of beginning.
2 THE FLOOD OF NOAH (2242 BC).
When we follow the genealogy of Genesis 5, we find that a span of 1,656 years elapsed from the fall of Adam to the Flood. This gives us a date of 2242 B.C.
3 THE PROMISE TO ABRAHAM (1875 B.C.).
The genealogy given to us in Genesis 11:10-26 establishes that Abraham was born 292 years after the Flood, or 1948 years after Adam. This would indicate that he was born in 1950 B.C. We learn from Genesis 12:4 that Abraham was 75 years old when he received the promise from God that became the Abrahamic Covenant. This would mean that the promise was made in 1875 B.C.
4 THE EXODUS OF ISRAEL (1445 B.C.).
Genesis 12-50 reveals to us information concerning the direct descendants of Abraham. The children of Jacob (Abraham’s grandson) moved to Egypt where they were eventually enslaved by the Egyptians (Exodus 1). God delivered them from Egyptian slavery by the hand of Moses. The apostle Paul tells us that a span of 430 years had passed from the promise to Abraham to the giving of The Law (Gal 3:17). This dates the Exodus in 1445 B.C. or 2,378 years after Adam.
5 THE FOURTH YEAR OF SOLOMON (965 B.C.).
Solomon was the third king of Israel, following his father David and King Saul. In 1 Kings 6:1 we are told that 480 years had elapsed from the Exodus to the fourth year of Solomon when he began to build the Temple. This lets us calculate the date as 965 B.C. or 2,858 years after Adam.
We are able to date the fourth year of Solomon from other historical records. This lets us establish a fixed date by which we may work backwards and establish the dates previously mentioned for the Exodus, the Promise to Abraham, The Flood and Adam.
6 THE FALL OF THE NORTHERN KINGDOM (721 B.C.).
After the death of Solomon, Israel split into two separate kingdoms which became known as the "Northern Kingdom" or Israel, and the "Southern Kingdom" or Judah. The Northern Kingdom fell to the Assyrian Empire in 721 B.C. and ceased to be a kingdom.
7 THE FALL OF THE SOUTHERN KINGDOM (586 B.C.).
The Southern Kingdom fell to the Babylonian Empire in 586 B.C. and was taken into exile for 70 years before the Israelites were able to return to their homeland in 516 B.C.
8 THE BIRTH OF JESUS CHRIST (4 B.C.).
The "B.C." and "A.D." system of dating was not developed until the sixth century after our Lord came. It was designed to reference all historical dates to His birth. When the Church established this system, it was based on an incorrect understanding of when King Herod lived (who was mentioned in the Bible as being in power when Jesus was born-Luke 1:5). Much later it was discovered that a mistake of 4 or 5 years had been made, but the system was already well established so instead of trying to change all the dates that had previously been established with new dates, it was decided to just say that Jesus was born in 4 or 5 B.C.
9 THE DEATH, BURIAL AND RESURRECTION OF JESUS CHRIST (33 A.D.).
The majority of Bible scholars establish the date of the death, burial and resurrection of Jesus Christ at 33 A.D.
10 THE LAST BOOK OF THE BIBLE (96 A.D.).
This date is related to the apostle John’s exile to the Isle of Patmos (Rev 1:9), during the reign of the Roman Emperor Domitian, where the Bible was completed (Rev 22:18-19).
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BSM 1.3
An Historical Overview
The beauty of God’s Word is in part due to its internal consistency, even though it was written by so many different authors over such a long period of time. History looks at events which happened in the past.
Paying attention to the sequence of the events outlined below, we see a marvelous motion through the unfolding, and then the folding up of human history. By looking at these major events, we can clearly trace the introduction and conclusion to such a marvelous story. Also, we gain some clear insights into a question philosophers have been asking for centuries: "Why are we here?"
The following overview is designed to be just that, an overview. We will spend the rest of our lives filling in the details. For now, let us learn from the major historical points that God has placed in front of us. Later in this lesson, we’ll see an excellent overview of God’s wonderfully consistent plan.
1 CREATION
In the beginning of the Bible, Genesis documents the original creation of the heavens and earth (Gen 1:1; 2 Pet 3:6). At the end of the Book in Revelation, the original creation is destroyed, making way for the creation of a "New Heaven and New Earth" (Rev 21-22).
2 SATAN’S REBELLION
Sometime before the creation of man, Satan rebelled against God, seeking to challenge Him (Isa 14:12-14; Ezek 28). The topic of this first rebellion is intricately woven throughout the Scriptures; and the ramifications of this conflict are not easily understood. What is easily understood is that a war goes on between God and Satan that has been going on since before man’s creation (Rev 12).
Satan’s final rebellion will occur after the 1,000 year reign of Jesus Christ on earth, just before the creation of the new heaven and earth (Rev 20:7-10).
3 EARTH AND MAN
God prepared the earth to be inhabited by man (Gen 1:2-2:3: as a footnote, the words "formless" [Hebrew TOHU] and "void" [Hebrew BOHU] mean, "uninhabitable," and, "void of population," respectively).
The problem is that there was an invader, Satan, who continually sought to challenge God. When the Lord imprisons Satan for the duration of the Millennial Kingdom (1,000 year reign of Jesus Christ, see Rev 20:1-3), He will then perfect earth for man (Isa 60-66).
4 THE FIRST AND LAST ADAM
The first man, Adam, was designed to be the head over all creation (Gen 1:28; 2:4-25). He was placed in the Garden of Eden to cultivate and keep it. The "last" Adam, the Lord Jesus Christ (1 Cor 15:45), will establish a literal physical Headship for 1,000 years (Rev 20:4). He is "last" in the sense that there are no more men who will come into existence as a perfect being.
5 MAN’S BATTLE WITH SATAN
When Adam "fell" in the Garden of Eden, he became subject to Satan - the "ruler of this world" (Gen 3; John 12:31; 16:11). God will later subject Satan to Christ just before the Millennial Kingdom begins (Rev 20:1-3).
6 ALL OF MANKIND JUDGED
God permits man to descend into evil, but He will eventually deal with all mankind. In Genesis 4-10 we find the background that led to the great Flood, which occurred because of God’s displeasure with mankind’s disobedience (Gen 6:1-13). God will again deal with all mankind when Jesus Christ returns at the Second Advent, after the seven-year period of Tribulation. He will then separate the remainder of mankind into the "sheep (Believers)," and the "goats (unbelievers)" (Matt 25:31-46).
7 BABYLON.
After the Flood the earth was repopulated, but soon people began again to turn in the wrong direction - away from God. In Babylon, they constructed the Tower of Babel (Gen 11), which was indicative of their attempt to save themselves. They thought that if they could build a tower high enough, they could escape God’s wrath (such as that of the Flood) by ascending to heaven and putting themselves on a level with God.
The foundation they built the tower upon was a religion known as "humanism," which supposes that man can save himself through religious and/or economic means. Beliefs such as this are the basis of all the world’s religious systems. Only Christianity realizes that man can’t save himself, therefore man needs a Savior.
Some humanistic attitudes are displayed in the Bible by those who stand in opposition to the Living God. These attitudes were found in the Babylon of the past (Isa 47) and Tyre (Ezek 26-27), just to name two such examples that remain with us today. This is found in the world’s religions which believe that man ascends to godhood in stages and thus saves himself. During the Tribulation, God will destroy the Babylonian organizations that have been created (Rev 17-18).
8 ISRAEL
After dispersing the people from Babel and distributing various languages to the nations, the Lord called Abraham to be the founder of a new nation, Israel (Gen 12). Through the miraculous conception of his son, Isaac, and then his grandson, Jacob, the promise made to Abraham about the Messiah was continued (Gen 22:1-18; 28:14). The people of Israel were eventually removed from their land and dispersed throughout the world for their idolatrous practices, but the Lord’s promises remained.
Israel will be supernaturally regathered after the Tribulation and blessed with the Millennial Kingdom (Matt 24:29-31).
9 THE ADVENTS OF JESUS CHRIST
The First Advent of Jesus Christ took place at the perfect time in God’s plan for history (1 Tim 2:6). The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John relate the wonderful history of Jesus’ birth, ministry, death, burial, and resurrection. Jesus Christ was clearly the "Suffering Servant" so beautifully foretold in Isaiah 53.
The Second Advent of Jesus Christ will take place after the Tribulation, when Christ actually sets foot on the earth again and conquers His enemies (Zech 14:1-8; Rev 19:11-19), thus ushering in the Millennial Kingdom. This time He will come as the "Conquering King."
10 OPPOSING MINISTRIES
The Gospels also beautifully portray the public ministry of the Lord Jesus Christ (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John). Christ’s ministry was one of service to others (Matt 20:28).
This is in clear contrast to the ministry of the Antichrist (also known as the "man of lawlessness") who will have a "ministry" of self-service, seeking to draw all attention and worship to himself (2 Thess 2:1-12; Rev 6-16).
11 THE CHURCH
After the Resurrection and Ascension of Jesus Christ to the right hand of God the Father, the Church was "called out" to spread the good news of forgiveness of sins through the sacrifice of Jesus Christ (Acts of the Apostles).
The Church bears the responsibility for "making disciples of all the nations" (Matt 28:18-20), until she is "called" up for the marriage to her Lord the Bridegroom (1 Thess 4:13-18; 1 Cor 15:50-58; Rev 19:7-10).
SUMMARY
When we pay attention to the sequence of the events just described, we see a marvelous pattern emerge. It is the unfolding and then the folding up of human history. It is illustrated by the following chart, "Overview of the Bible." Match the numbers together and you will see the overview of God’s plan.
1. Creation of the original heavens and earth. Gen 1:1; 2 Pet 3:6 1. Creation of a new heaven and earth. Rev 21-22
2. Satan’s first rebellion. Isa 14:12-14; Eze 28 2. Satan’s final rebellion. Rev 20: 7-10
3. Earth prepared for man. Gen 1:2-2:3 3. Earth perfected for man. Isa 60-66
4. The Headship of the First Adam. Gen 2:4-25 4. The Headship of the Last Adam. Rev 20:4
5. Man subjected to Satan. Gen 3 5. Satan subjected to Christ. Rev 20:1-3
6. All of mankind judged. Gen 4-10 6. All of mankind judged. Matt 25:31-46
7. Construction of the Tower of Babel. Gen 11 7. Destruction of Babylonian organizations. Rev 17-18
8. Israel called as a nation. Gen 12 8. Israel regathered as a nation. Matt 24:29-31
9. First Advent of Jesus Christ. Matt, Mark, Luke, John 9. Second Advent of Jesus Christ. Rev 19:11-19
10. Ministry of Jesus Christ. Matt, Mark, Luke, John 10 Ministry of the Antichrist. 2 Thess 2:1-12; Rev 6-16
11. Church called out. Acts 11 Church called up. 1 Thess 4:13-18; 1 Cor 15:50-58
(Adapted from J. Edwin Hartill, Principles of Biblical Hermeneutics, pg. 9)
FOR PERSONAL STUDY
# After looking closely at the outline found in the "Overview of the Bible", what are your observations?
# Commit this Overview to memory.
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BSM 1.2
1 THE WRITTEN WORD OF GOD
The Bible was written by more than forty authors whose lives spanned over 1,500 years, which means the Bible is not simply a common book. Jesus Christ called it "The Book" (Heb. 10:7). Without it man cannot know the absolute standard of righteousness, nor the need for grace in his life. God chose to have His words written down so that His standards would be clear. The written Word is accepted by faith and proven by history (events that have already occurred).
The great majority of people use translations of the Bible from the original languages of Scripture. Most of the Old Testament was written in Hebrew. The only exceptions are found in the Book of Daniel - chapters 2 through 7, and in the Book of Ezra - chapters 4 through 7. These chapters were written in a sister language to the Hebrew called Aramaic, which was the language spoken by most of the Jews at the time these books were written. All of the New Testament is written in Koine (common) Greek.
2 THE INSPIRED WORD OF GOD
Every single part of the Bible is inspired by God (2 Tim 3:16-17), and is thus profitable. "Inspiration" is more than human genius, illumination and revelation because it is divinely initiated. It is "God’s breath" expressing itself through a human personality.
"Revelation" means to give new information.
"Illumination" occurs when the Holy Spirit makes "Revelation" understandable for the student of the Word.
3 THE REVELATION OF THE LIVING WORD OF GOD.
The Bible is the written revelation of the Living Word of God - our Lord Jesus Christ. The written Word is not the living Word; it is the divine description of the Lord Jesus Christ (Heb 4:12 cf. John 5:39-47).
This is an important distinction to make. The paper and ink do not contain the power, but the Power behind the paper and ink is the Spirit of God making the difference in people’s lives. To view the words as powerful in and of themselves, without being awestruck by the Author (Heb 12:2), misses the point.
THE DIVISIONS OF THE BIBLE
1 THE TWO MAJOR DIVISIONS.
The Bible is divided into two Testaments, the Old and the New.
There are 66 total books, 39 in the Old Testament, written by over 30 different authors, and 27 in the New Testament, written by 10 authors. There are 1,189 chapters, 929 in the Old Testament, and 260 chapters in the New Testament. The Old Testament contains 23,214 verses; the New Testament contains 7,959 verses (for a total of 31,173 verses of Scripture).
A "testament" is a covenant or contract, something of value that has been offered by one party, then accepted by the recipient party. For example, when someone desires to purchase any product, an offer is made and then accepted or rejected. Once the offer is accepted, a covenant or contract has been made. The covenant contains promises that are to govern the relationship between the two parties.
Another good example is that of the marriage bond. Exchanged wedding vows are a covenant between the bride and the groom acting as the foundation of the relationship.
2 THE FIVE DIVISIONS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT.
The Old Testament contains the original covenants that God made with man concerning the coming Messiah. Later in our study we will examine the covenants that God has made with man. The Old Testament is grouped into five divisions, as follows:
# The Law, called the "Torah" or "Pentateuch", is comprised of five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.
# Historical books (twelve): Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 Kings, 2 Kings, 1 Chronicles, 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther.
# Poetical books (five): Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes and the Song of Solomon.
# Major Prophets (five): Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel and Daniel.
# Minor Prophets (twelve): Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi.
3 THE THREE DIVISIONS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT.
The New Testament documents the arrival of the Messiah, and contains the new covenant made thereafter.
There is, of course, a variety of topics within the books. The historical books, for example, contain some prophecy (Matt 24, Mark 13, Luke 21), just as the book of prophecy contains some epistles (Rev 2-3). The general designation of any book is based simply on its overall content. The New Testament is grouped into three divisions, as follows:
# The New Testament begins with five Historical books: Matthew, Mark, Luke, John and the book of Acts.
# The Historical books are followed by twenty-one Epistles (letters): Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, Hebrews, James and Jude.
# There is one book of Prophecy: Revelation.
FOR PERSONAL STUDY
# In your own words, what is the Bible?
# What does the Bible say about itself?
# Describe the difference between "Inspiration" and "Illumination."
# What are the original languages of Scripture?
# What is a Testament and how many are in the Bible?
# What are the five major divisions of the Old Testament?
# What are the three major divisions of the New Testament?
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BSM 1.1
Lesson 1
Personal Preparation
SIX PRINCIPLES OF PERSONAL PREPARATION FOR BIBLE STUDY
1. BELIEVE IN JESUS CHRIST.
Personal preparation in the study of the Scripture cannot be overemphasized. First and foremost the student must believe in Jesus Christ as his Savior, because the "natural man" (that is the man without Christ), cannot accept or understand the things of God (1 Cor 2:14). The Spirit of God allows the student of the Word to discern spiritual things. Your salvation is by faith alone in Christ alone (Eph 2:8-9).
2. ACCEPT THAT THE BIBLE IS DIVINELY INSPIRED.
God’s Word proclaims itself to be divinely inspired (2 Tim 3:16-17). Any study of the Word ought to begin by acknowledging that fact. No "leap" of faith is necessary; just a mere "step" that this study will more fully explore as it progresses.
3. PRAY
Prayer is necessary for wisdom in understanding Scripture. God’s Word instructs that if anyone lacks wisdom, and asks for it, God will give it freely (James 1:5). Sincere prayer for correct knowledge and discernment will be answered because these things are clearly within God’s will (1 John 5:14 compare [cf.] Matt 7:7-8).
4. STUDY DILIGENTLY AND HAVE PATIENCE.
Since many passages of God’s Word are not readily understood, diligence and patience are necessary when studying (2 Tim 2:15). When we, as limited human beings, attempt to understand the unlimited mind of God, we must be aware that even a competent grasp will take some time.
5. CONSISTENTLY CONFESS YOUR SINS.
It is also important to confess sin consistently, permitting God to cleanse our lives, so that a greater fellowship with him may be attained (1 John 1:6-10). Realizing the need to confess our sins keeps us consistently sensitive to any thought, speech, or action that is not in accord with God’s will.
6. BE WILLING TO LIVE GOD’S WILL.
The Lord Jesus Christ said, "if anyone is willing to do His [God’s] will, he shall know of the teaching" (John 7:17). If the objective is to develop a relationship with the Living God, then any knowledge gained ought to support and clarify that relationship. Knowledge without love results in pride (1 Cor 8:1). If your objective is simply an intellectual quest and not a relationship with the Living God, then the knowledge you gain will be lacking and distorted.
FIVE BENEFITS OF PERSONAL BIBLE STUDY FROM GOD’S WORD
1. GREATER FAITH.
The greatest theologian of the Church, the apostle Paul, said of himself that he, "walked by faith and not by sight" (2 Cor 5:7). We all enter into salvation by grace through faith (Eph 2:8-9); and according to Paul, just as we have entered, so are we to walk (Col 2:6-7). Learning God’s Word increases faith.
2. NEW KNOWLEDGE.
There is new knowledge to be gained from God’s Word as we "grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ" (2 Pet 3:14-18). This knowledge leads us to a greater appreciation of His grace.
But along with growing in knowledge, we grow in faith as we "hear" God’s Word through the Scriptures (Rom 10:17) and trust Him for everything.
3. PURIFICATION OF OUR LIFE.
God’s Word is necessary for the purification of our lives, because His Word is Truth (John 17:17). Although we are Believers, we do have problems with sin in our lives (1 John 1:6-10), so we must learn God’s Word in order to determine what sin(s) may be present. We then can pray intelligently for healing and cleansing (Ps 51).
Please note that Christians have often "added to" God’s Word and made these additions a basis of righteousness. This is called "legalism," which means that men have made their own laws the standard of righteousness. The Lord Jesus Christ clearly challenged this practice (Mark 7:1-13), so we must be careful to pay careful attention to God’s stated standards.
4. POWER IN MINISTRY.
With the Holy Spirit at work in our lives as we study the "mind of Christ" (1 Cor 2:14-16), there will be power in our ministry (Eph 2:10). We are in a war with Satan and his forces, therefore we need power beyond our own strength and ability (Eph 6:10-18). The power comes from our submission to God’s will because it is God who is at work in us, "to will and to work His good pleasure" (Php 2:13).
5. EQUIPMENT FOR SERVICE
With this knowledge of God’s Word, we can practice the truth in the name of the Lord Jesus (Col 3:16-17), and proclaim it to a lost and dying world (John 17:17-19; Heb 5:12). A primary objective for the communication of God’s Word is, "equipping the saints for the work of service, to the building up of the body of Christ" (Eph 4:11-13). To "equip" others requires that we must first be equipped ourselves. Accordingly, this introduction is to guide the student while he must study God’s Word directly to make maximum progress.
QUESTIONS FOR PERSONAL STUDY
# In your own words, list the principles involved in your preparation to study the Bible.
# List the Bible verses that those principles came from.
# Look up each verse and restate the principle in your own words.
# What do you want to gain from the study of God’s Word?
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Rightly Dividing 1.1
Rightly Dividing the Word of Truth
By C.I. Scofield
THE JEW, THE GENTILE, AND THE CHURCH OF GOD
Give none offence, neither to the Jews, nor to the Gentiles, nor to the church of God — I Corinthians 10:32
Whoever reads the Bible with any attention cannot fail to perceive that more than half of its contents relate to one nation: the Israelites. He perceives, too, that they have a distinct place in the dealings and counsels of God. Separated from the mass of mankind, they are taken into covenant with Jehovah, who gives them specific promises not given to any other nation. Their history alone is told in Old Testament narrative and prophecy; other nations are mentioned only as they touch the Jew. It appears, also, that all the communications of Jehovah to Israel as a nation relate to the Earth. If faithful and obedient, the nation is promised earthly greatness, riches, and power; if unfaithful and disobedient, it is to be scattered 11 among all people, from the one end of the earth even unto the other" (Deut. 28:64). Even the promise of the Messiah is of blessing to "all the families of the Earth."
Continuing his research, the student finds mention in Scripture of another distinct body, which is called the church. This body also has a peculiar relation to God and, like Israel, has received from Him specific promises. But similarity ends there, and the most striking contrast begins. Instead of being formed of the natural descendants of Abraham alone, it is a body in which the distinction of Jew and Gentile is lost. Instead of the relation being one of mere covenant, it is one of birth. Instead of obedience bringing the reward of earthly greatness and wealth, the church is taught to be content with food and raiment, and to expect persecution and hatred; it is perceived that just as distinctly as Israel stands connected with temporal and earthly things, so distinctly does the church stand connected with spiritual and heavenly things.
Further, Scripture shows the student that neither Israel nor the church always existed; each had a recorded beginning. The beginning of Israel he finds in the call of Abram. Looking then for the birth of the church he finds (contrary, perhaps, to his expectations, for he has probably been taught that Adam and the patriarchs are in the church) that it certainly did not exist before, nor during, the earth life of Christ, for he finds Him speaking of His church as yet future when He says (Matt. 16:18), "Upon this rock I will build my church." Not, have built, nor am building, but will build.
He finds, too, from Ephesians 3:5-10, that the church is not once mentioned in Old Testament prophecy, but was, in those ages, a mystery "hid in God." Scripturally, he finds the birth of the church in Acts 2, and the termination of its career on the earth in I Thessalonians 4.
The student also finds, in the scriptural division of the race, another class, rarely mentioned, and distinguished in every respect from either Israel or the church: the Gentiles. The comparative position of the Jew, the Gentile, and the church may be briefly seen in the following Scriptures: the Jew (Rom. 9:4-5; John 4:22; Rom. 3:1-2); the Gentile (Eph. 2:11-12; Eph. 4:17-18; Mark 7:27-28); the Church (Eph. 1:22-23; Eph. 5:29-33; 1 Pet. 2:9).
Comparing, then, what is said in Scripture concerning Israel and the Church, he finds that in origin, calling, promise, worship, principles of conduct, and future destiny that all is contrast. Compare first the calling of Israel with that of the church.
ISRAEL
Now the LORD had said unto Abram, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father’s house unto a land that I will show thee (Gen. 12: 1).
For the LORD thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks of water, of fountains and depths that spring out of valleys and hills; a land of wheat, and barley, and vines, and fig-trees, and pomegranates; a land of oil olive, and honey; a land wherein thou shalt eat bread without scarceness (Deut. 8:7-9).
And he said, I am Abraham’s servant. And the LORD hath blessed my master greatly, and he is become great; and he hath given him flocks, and herds, and silver, and gold, and men-servants, and maid- servants, and camels, and asses (Gen. 24:34-35).
The LORD shall cause thine enemies that rise up against thee to be smitten before thy face: they shall come out against thee one way, and flee before thee seven ways (Deut. 28:7). And the LORD shall make thee the head, and not the tail; and thou shalt be above only, and thou shalt not be beneath (Deut. 28:13).
CHURCH
Wherefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling (Heb. 3: 1).
For our conversation is in heaven (Phil. 3:20).
And Jesus saith unto him, The foxes have holes, and the birds of the air have nests; but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head (Matt. 8:20).
To an inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away, reserved in heaven for you (I Pet. 1:4).
Even unto this present hour we both hunger, and thirst, and are naked, and are buffeted, and have no certain dwelling-place (I Cor. 4: 11).
And Jesus looked round about, and saith unto his disciples, How hardly shall they that have riches enter into the kingdom of God! (Mark 10:23).
Hearken, my beloved brethren, Hath not God chosen the poor of this world rich in faith, and heirs of the kingdom which he hath promised to them that love him? (James 2:5).
They shall put you out of the synagogues: yea, the time cometh that whosoever killeth you will think that he doeth God service (John 16:2).
Whosoever therefore shall humble himself as this little child, the same is greatest in the kingdom of heaven (Matt. 18:4).
Of course it is not meant that a godly Jew did not, at death, go to heaven. The distinction is that the incentive to godliness in his case was earthly blessings, not heavenly. It should be needless to say that, in this dispensation, neither Jew nor Gentile can be saved otherwise than by the exercise of that faith on the Lord Jesus Christ whereby both are born again (John 3:3, 16) and are baptized into that "one body" (I Con 12:13) which is "the church" (Eph. 1:22-23). In the church the distinction of Jew and Gentile disappears. (I Cor. 12:13; Gal. 3:28; Eph. 2:14. So in writing to the Ephesians the apostle speaks of them as "in time past Gentiles," Eph. 2:11; 1 Cor. 12:2, also says, "ye were Gentiles.")
The contrast between Israel and the church further appears in the rules given for the conduct of each.
ISRAEL
When the LORD thy God shall bring thee into the land whither thou goest to possess it, and hath cast out many nations before thee . . . thou shalt smite them, and utterly destroy them: thou shalt make no covenant with them, nor show mercy unto them (Deut. 7:1-2).
Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe (Exod. 21:24-25).
CHURCH
But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you (Matt. 5:44).
Being reviled, we bless; being persecuted, we suffer it: being defamed, we entreat (I Cor. 4:12-13).
But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also (Matt. 5:39).
See also: Deuteronomy 21:18-21 and Luke 15:20-23.
In the appointments for worship we still find contrast. Israel could worship in but one place and at a distance from God-only approaching Him through a priest. The church worships wherever two or three are gathered, has boldness to enter into the holiest, and is composed of priests. Compare Leviticus 17:8- 9 with Matthew 18:20, Luke 1:10 with Hebrews 10:19-20, Numbers 3:10 with I Peter 2:5.
In the predictions concerning the future of Israel and the church, the distinction is still more startling. The church will be taken away from the earth entirely, but restored Israel is yet to have her greatest earthly splendor and power. See what Scripture says as to
ISRAEL
"And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name Jesus. He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David: and he shall reign over the house of Jacob forever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end" (Luke 1:31-33). (Of these seven promises to Maryfive have already been literally fulfilled. By what rule of interpretation are we authorized to say the remaining two will not be also fulfilled?)
"Simeon hath declared how God at the first did visit the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name. And to this agree the words of the prophets, as it is written: After this I will return, and will build again the tabernacle of David, which is fallen down; and I will build again the ruins thereof, and I will set it up" (Acts 15; 14-16).
"I say then, Hath God cast away his people? God forbid. For I also am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin. I say then, Have they stumbled that they should fall? God forbid: but rather through their fall salvation is come unto the Gentiles, for to provoke them to jealousy. For if thou wert cut out of the olive tree which is wild by nature, and wert graffed contrary to nature into a good olive tree; how much more shall these, which be the natural branches, be graffed into their own olive tree? For I would not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant of this mystery, lest ye should be wise in your own conceits; that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in. And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob" (Rom. 11:1,11, 24-26).
"And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people…. And he shall set up an ensign for the nations, and shall assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth" (Isa. It: It - 12).
"For the Lord will have mercy on Jacob and will yet choose Israel, and set them in their own land: and the strangers shall be joined with them, and they shall cleave to the house of Jacob" (Isa. 14:1).
"Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that it shall no more be said, The Lord liveth that brought up the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt; but, The Lord liveth that brought up the children of Israel from the land of the north, and from all the lands whither he had driven them: and I will bring them again into the land that Igave unto their fathers" (Jer. 16:14-15). "Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, and a King shall reign and prosper, and shall execute judgment and justice in the earth. In his days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely; and this is his name whereby he shall be called, THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS" (Jer. 23:5-6).
"Behold, I will gather them out of all countries whither I have driven them in mine anger, and in my fury, and in great wrath; and I will bring them again unto this place, and I will cause them to dwell safely: and they shall be my people, and I will be their God" (Jer. 32:37,38).
"Sing, 0 daughter of Zion; shout, 0 Israel; be glad and rejoice with all the heart, 0 daughter of Jerusalem. The LORD hath taken away thy judgments, he hath cast out thine enemy: the King of Israel, even the LORD, is in the midst of thee: thou shalt not see evil any more" (Zeph. 3:14-15).
THE CHURCH
In my Father’s house are many mansions: if it were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you. And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and receive you unto myself; that where I am, there ye may be also" (John 14:2, 3).
"For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we which are alive, and remain unto the coming of the Lord, shall not prevent [precede] them which are asleep. For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first: then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord (I Thess. 4:15-17).
"For our conversation is in heaven; from whence also we look for the Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ: Who shall change our vile body, that it may be fashioned like unto his glorious body, according to the working whereby he is able even to subdue all things unto himself." (Phil. 3:20, 21).
"Beloved, now are we the sons of God; and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is" (I John 3:2).
"Let us be glad and rejoice, and give honor to him: for the marriage of the Lamb is come, and his wife hath made herself ready. And to her was granted that she should be arrayed in fine linen, clean and white: for the fine linen is the righteousness of saints. And he saith unto me, Write, Blessed are they which are called unto the marriage supper of the Lamb" (Rev. 19:7-9).
"Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years" (Rev. 20:6).
It may safely be said that the Judaizing of the church has done more to hinder her progress, pervert her mission, and destroy her spiritually than all other causes combined. Instead of pursuing her appointed path of separation from the world and following the Lord in her heavenly calling, she has used Jewish Scriptures to justify herself in lowering her purpose to the civilization of the world, the acquisition of wealth, the use of an imposing ritual, the erection of magnificent churches, the invocation of God’s blessing upon the conflicts of armies, and the division of an equal brotherhood into "clergy" and "laity."